Amathrendi Aphezulu Embonini Yokudla Okungeziwe

Imakethe yezithako zokudla emhlabeni wonke iyakhula ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, iqhutshwa ukwanda kokwazi kwabathengi ngempilo nokuzinakekela. Ngokocwaningo olusha lwemakethe, imboni yezithako zokudla kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 zamadola ngo-2025, okuyikhuphuka okukhulu kusukela eminyakeni edlule. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa izinto eziningana, okubalwa ukwanda kwezifo ezihlobene nendlela yokuphila, ukwanda kokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuvimbela izifo, kanye nesidingo sokusekelwa okunomsoco ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhubhane oluqhubekayo lwe-COVID-19 luye lwaphakamisa isithakazelo sabathengi ezithakweni zokudla njengoba abantu befuna ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba abo nempilo yabo iyonke. Ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana namavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nezithako ezikhethekile zokudla kwezilwane, amabhizinisi kulo mkhakha ayazivumelanisa nezidingo eziguqukayo zabathengi.

I-Spain iphume phambili njengenye yezimakethe ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo yokudla eYurophu, ngenxa yemikhuba yayo ecebile yokupheka kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngempilo phakathi kwabathengi. Imakethe yemikhiqizo yokudla eSpain yayibiza cishe ama-€1.2 billion ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule nge-CAGR engu-5.4% eminyakeni ezayo. Ingxenye enkulu yale makethe ihlanganisa imikhiqizo yemvelo neye-organic, okubonisa umkhuba wokuba namalebula acacile, acacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithako zokudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi izithako zekhalshiyam ezinkukhu kanye nezithako zokudla kwezinkukhu, zithole ukuduma ngenxa yomkhakha wezolimo wezwe ocebile. Lokhu kuhambisana nokugxila kwe-Spain emikhubeni esimeme kanye nenhlalakahle yezilwane ekukhiqizeni izilwane.

Izithako zokudla zichazwa njengemikhiqizo ehloselwe ukugcwalisa ukudla okuvamile futhi ziyimithombo egxilile yamaminerali noma ezinye izinto ezinomthelela wokudla okunomsoco noma wokuziphatha. Le mikhiqizo iza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengama-capsules, amaphilisi, izimpushana, kanye nezimanzisi, futhi yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ukudla. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zazo, ukulawulwa kwezithako zokudla kubeka izinselele ezinkulu. Amanye amazwe anezincazelo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlaka zokulawula, ezingadala izithiyo zokungena emakethe kumabhizinisi aphesheya. ESpain, izithako zokudla zilawulwa yi-Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition (AESAN), eqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha nokulebula. Ukuqonda le mithetho kubalulekile ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuphumelela kule ndawo yokuncintisana.

Indawo yemithetho yokulawula izithako zokudla iyahlukahluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene, okuholela ekuhlukanisweni okuhlukahlukene okungathinta kakhulu izinqumo zabathengi. Ezinye izifunda, izithako zokudla zihlukaniswa ngaphansi komthetho wokudla, kanti kwezinye, zingase zibekwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungafani kungadida abathengi mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kwezithako ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, eSpain, noma yimuphi umkhiqizo othi uvimbela, uphatha, noma uphilisa izifo ungahlukaniswa njengomuthi, ngaleyo ndlela uwubeke ezinqubweni zokuhlola nokugunyazwa eziqinile. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunemiphumela eqondile endleleni izinkampani ezingamaka ngayo imikhiqizo yazo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baziswe kahle ngalokhu kuhlukaniswa ukuze benze izinqumo ezifundisiwe mayelana nezithako zokudla abazisebenzisayo.

Izimangalo zezempilo ezihambisana nezithako zokudla zingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuqinile nemithetho ukuze kuvinjelwe ulwazi oludukisayo. E-European Union, iRegulation (EC) No 1924/2006 ilawula ukusetshenziswa kwezimangalo zezempilo, iqinisekisa ukuthi noma yisiphi isimangalo esenziwa mayelana nesithako sokudla kumele sisekelwe ngokwesayensi. Lo mthetho uhlose ukuvikela abathengi ekukhangiseni okungamanga ngenkathi uphinde ukhuthaze ukuncintisana okulungile phakathi kwamabhizinisi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani kumele zitshale imali ocwaningweni lwezomtholampilo nobufakazi ukusekela izimangalo zazo. Leli zinga lemigomo liye laholela ekwanda kokuba khona obala nokwethembana kwabathengi, njengoba abathengi bekhuthazeka kakhulu ukuthenga imikhiqizo esekelwa ubufakazi besayensi. Inkinga ihlala ikhona ezinkampanini ukuthi zikwazi ukuzulazula le mithetho ngempumelelo ngenkathi ziqhubeka nokuqamba imikhiqizo emisha.

Imboni yokudla okungeziwe iyashintsha njalo, ngamathrendi amasha abonisa izintandokazi zabathengi kanye nentuthuko yesayensi. Ithrendi eyodwa ebalulekile ukugxila kakhulu ekusekelweni kwesayensi kwamafomula, njengoba abathengi befuna ubufakazi obuningi bokusebenza. Izinkampani manje zitshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze zenze amafomula amasha axazulula izinkinga ezithile zezempilo, njengokuzivikela komzimba, impilo yamathumbu, namazinga wamandla. Kanye nalokhu, kunokugcizelelwa okukhulayo ekuphepheni, nabakhiqizi abenza izivivinyo eziphelele ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ayinazo izinto ezingcolile futhi ihlangabezana namazinga okuphepha. Ukudla okunomsoco okwenziwe ngezifiso nakho kuyanda, ngama-supplement enziwe ngokwezifiso ahambisana namaphrofayela ezempilo omuntu ngamunye kudume kakhulu. Ekugcineni, imikhiqizo ye-organic iyathandwa njengoba ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngezindaba zezempilo nezemvelo kuyaqhubeka ukukhula, kuphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi enze ushintsho eziphoqelelwe zabo ngokufanele.

Njengoba imboni yezithako zokudla iqhubeka nokuguquguquka, amabhizinisi kumele ahlale elalele izintandokazi ezishintshayo kanye nezimfuneko zomthetho. Isidingo esikhulayo sokuba nolwazi olucacile, ukwesekwa ngokwesayensi, nezixazululo eziqondene nomuntu sibonisa izinselele namathuba ezinkampanini kulo mkhakha. ESpain, lapho imakethe yemikhiqizo yokudla inyuka khona, izinkampani ezinikeza izixazululo eziqondisiwe, njengezithako zekhalshiyam ezinkukhu nezinye izithako zokudla kwezilwane, zingazithola zikulesi simo esihle. Ngokuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe nokuzinikela ekwethembeni abathengi, imboni yezithako zokudla ilungele ikusasa eliqinile. Izinkampani ezifana neNetEase, ezaziwa ngokuzinikela kwazo kwekhwalithi kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende, zibonisa ukuthi amabhizinisi angaphumelela kanjani kule makethe enokuncintisana.

European Commission. (2006). Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Retrieved from [EU Official Journal](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1924).

Market Research Future. (2023). Global Dietary Supplements Market Research Report. Retrieved from [Market Research Future](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/dietary-supplements-market-2236).

Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. (2022). Regulatory Framework for Food Supplements in Spain. Retrieved from [AESAN](https://www.aesan.gob.es).

United Nations. (2021). Global Outlook on Food Supplement Industry Trends. Retrieved from [UN Food and Agriculture Organization](http://www.fao.org/publications).

National Institutes of Health. (2023). Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know. Retrieved from [NIH](https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/).