Ukuqonda Izithako Zobisi Lomuntu Kubantwana Be-NICU

Ukwelulekwa kwezinto ezithinta ukudla kudlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekululameni kwezingane ezitholwa e-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Kulesi sikhathi esibalulekile, ubisi lomuntu luqashelwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokudla kwezingane, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezizalwa zingakavuthwa ezisengozini yezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zezempilo. Lucebile ngamavithamini abalulekile, ama-antibodies, nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo ezisekela ukukhula kwengane kanye nohlelo lwayo lokuzivikela emzimbeni. Noma kunjalo, izinsana eziningi ezizalwa zingakavuthwa zibhekana nezinselelo ekutholeni ukudla okwanele ngokusebenzisa ubisi lomuntu kuphela. Kulapho ama-Feed Fortifiers aba khona njengabalulekile ekugcwaliseni izikhala zokudla, ahlinzeka ngama-calories engeziwe kanye namavithamini adingekayo ukuze kutholakale ukukhula okuhle nokuthuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-网易 ziye zaba nendima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngolwazi nezinsiza eziqondise ekukhuthazeni ukuqonda okungcono ngokudla kwezingane kanye nokuqanjwa kwezixazululo zezokwelapha.

Ama-Human Milk Fortifiers (HMF) yimikhiqizo ekhethekile enomsoco eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa iphrofayili enomsoco wobisi lomuntu. Zivame ukwenziwa ukusiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulisiwe zamakhalori kanye nezakhamzimba ezinsaneni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezinesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa. Ukwakheka kwe-HMF ngokuvamile kufaka amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amavithamini, namaminerali abalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni. Ekuqaleni kutholakala kusuka kubisi lwenkomo noma kubisi lomuntu olunikelwe, lezi zithuthukisi zifuna ukulinganisa ukwakheka okunomsoco okutholakala obisini lwebele ngenkathi kuxazululwa izidingo ezithile zezingane ze-NICU. Ukuhlanganiswa okunengqondo kwalawa makomponent kuhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithuthukisi sisekela ibhalansi enobuchule yezakhamzimba ezidingekayo empilweni enhle.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeziNgezi Zobisi Lwabantu: eziqhamuka enkomweni neziqhamuka ebisi lomuntu olunikelwe abanye. IziNgezi zobisi lwenkomo, ezivame ukwenziwa ngobisi lwenkomo oluphilisiwe, ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu; noma kunjalo, zingadala ingozi yokungabekezelelani nelactose noma ukuzwela kokugaya kokunye izinsana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziNgezi zobisi lomuntu olunikelwe abanye zisebenzisa ubisi oluvela kubanikeli bomuntu abahloliwe, okwenza zifane kakhulu nobisi lwebele lomama. Lesi sikhetho sihlomula kakhulu izinsana ezinezinkinga ezithile zezempilo, okubalwa nalezo ezingabekezeleli amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha phakathi kweziNgezi zobisi lwenkomo noma zobisi lomuntu olunikelwe abanye kufanele kube ngokwesidingo somuntu ngamunye, kucatshangelwa isimo sezempilo nezidingo ezithile zengane, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwesekwa kokudla kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza.

Kubalulekile ukuthi abanakekeli bezempilo nabazali baxoxe ngokucacile lapho bekhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-fortifier. Ukuqonda ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lungawuthinta kanjani impilo yengane kungaholela ezinqumeni ezizokwandisa izinzuzo ezingenzeka ngenkathi kuncishiswa ubungozi. Ukwesekwa okunomsoco okuhambelana nezinselelo ezithile zengane ngayinye kungathuthukisa kakhulu indlela yayo yokukhula, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ku-NICU.

Kungase kubonakale kulula ukwandisa nje ubisi lomuntu njengendlela yokunikeza ukudla okwanele; nokho, le ndlela ingaholela ekuphazamisekeni, okubandakanya ukudla ngokweqile. Lapho izinsana zithola ubisi olunengi kakhulu, zingase zibe nezinkinga zesisu, okuholela ezimpawini ezifana nokuhlanza nokuziphatha okubi kokudla. Ukudla ngokweqile kungakhuphula nengozi ye-necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), isimo esibi sokugaya esithinta kakhulu izinsana ezizalwa zingakavuthwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokunikeza ukudla okwanele nokugwema ukudla ngokweqile. Ngokufaka i-Feed Fortifiers, abanakekeli bangafinyelela le bhalansi—ukuthuthukisa ukudla ngaphandle kwevolumu eyengeziwe—esikhundleni sokugxila ekuqineni nasekuqedeleni kwezinto ezitholakalayo.

Nakuba i-Feed Fortifiers iklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezakhamzimba ezibalulekile, ingase futhi ibe nezinselele zayo. Ezinye izinsana zingabonisa ukuzwela noma ukungabekezelelani nezingxenye ze-fortifiers, ikakhulukazi ezisekelwe enhloko yenkomo, okuholela ezinkingeni zokugaya ukudla. Izimpawu zokuzwela kokugaya ukudla zingabandakanya ukuqunjelwa esiswini, igesi eningi, noma ngisho nokusabela okungalungile njengokuhlanza. Ukunciphisa lezi zingozi, kubalulekile ukuthi abanakekeli bezempilo baqaphe impendulo yengane kuma-fortifiers eduze. Kwezinye izimo, ukushintsha kusuka kuma-fortifiers asekelwe enhloko yenkomo kuye kuma-fortifiers obisi lomuntu olunikelwe kungaba isu elinconywayo lokunciphisa izinkinga zokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-fortifiers ayethulwa kancane kancane futhi alungiswa ngokucophelela kungasiza ekuphathweni kwezinkinga ezingenzeka ngenkathi kusahlinzekwa ukwesekwa kwezakhamzimba okudingekayo.

Isizathu sokusebenzisa ama-Feed Fortifiers sisekelwe kakhulu ezidingweni ezihlukile zokukhula nokudla okunomsoco kwezingane ezizalwa zingakavuthwa. Lezi zingane ngokuvamile zidinga umsoco owengeziwe kunalezo ezizalwa zivuthiwe, okudinga amakhalori engeziwe, amaprotheni, kanye nemikronutrients ukusekela ukukhula okusheshayo nentuthuko. Ama-Feed Fortifiers enziwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, aqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezingane ezisengozini kakhulu zithola ukwesekwa okubalulekile kokudla okunomsoco. Amanye amaminerali atholakala kuma-fortifiers, njengensimbi ne-calcium, adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezitho zomzimba, imisipha, namathambo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-fortifiers kuholela emiphumeleni engcono yempilo yesikhathi eside, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlinzeka ngomsoco ofanele ngesikhathi salesi sigaba sokukhula esibalulekile.

Isikhathi sokusebenzisa i-fortifier kufanele sisekelwe ezidingweni zokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye futhi siqondiswe amaphethini okukhula komntwana kanye nesimo sakhe sempilo jikelele. Kubantwana abaningi, isidingo sama-Feed Fortifiers singaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho befika ezingeni elithile lesisindo noma bekulungele ukudluliselwa ekunceliseni ibele kuphela noma ekudleni ubisi lwefomula. Ukuhlolwa njalo yiqembu lezempilo le-NICU kungasiza ukunquma isikhathi esifanele sokuyeka ama-fortifiers. Le ndlela ivumela abanakekeli bezempilo ukuthi benze amasu okunakekela ukudla alungele izidingo eziguquguqukayo zengane ngayinye ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa imiphumela yokukhula enhle. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba yokudla iyasebenza ekusekeleni impilo yengane, kudala uhlelo lokudla olwenziwe ngokwezifiso olulungele izimo zabo ezithile.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezingane ezisencane esibhedlela (NICU) ukuthuthukisa ubisi oluthuthukisiwe. Ukwanela kobisi lomuntu kungahluka phakathi kwabantu, okwenza kube kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubisi olunikezwayo lwanele izidingo zengane. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yobisi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola ubukhulu bamandla (caloric density) nokwakheka kwezakhamzimba, kungasiza ukunquma ukuthi ngabe ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka yini. Abanakekeli bezempilo kufanele baqinisekise abazali ukuthi inqubo yokuthuthukisa yenziwe ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sezakhamzimba sobisi, hhayi ukusishintsha. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzuzo zemvelo zobisi lwebele lomuntu nezithuthukisi, izinsana zithola isisekelo esiqinile sezakhamzimba esenziwe ngokwezidingo zazo ezihlukile. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yobisi kubalulekile ukufeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu yezempilo ezinsaneni ezisencane ezibhedlela (NICU).

Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwabazali nabasebenzi be-NICU kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukondliwa kwezingane nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi imindeni inolwazi olwanele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kweziNgezi uKondliwa. Abazali kufanele bazizwe benamandla okubuza imibuzo nokukhuluma nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo abangase zibe nazo mayelana nenqubo yokungeza uKondliwa nezidingo zokudla zengane yabo. Abasebenzi be-NICU bangahlinzeka ngemininingwane ewusizo nemfundo ngokuphathelene nokuthi kungani iziNgezi ezithile zisetshenziswa, zisebenza kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezayo. Ukwenza izinqumo ngokubambisana akubandakanyi abazali kuphela kodwa futhi kuqinisa indima yomndeni ohambweni lokunakekelwa kwengane yabo. Ngokukhuthaza ukuxhumana okuvulekile, abazali bangaba nesibindi kakhulu ngamasu okondla asetshenziswayo, okuzophela ekugcineni kuholele ekwethembeni okungcono kanye nokwaneliseka ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokunakekelwa.

Ekupheleni, ukuqonda indima nokubaluleka kweziFuthisi Zokudla (Feed Fortifiers) kwi-NICU kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu ezinsaneni ezizalwa zingakavuthwa. Njengoba indawo yokunakekelwa kwezinsana iqhubeka nentuthuko, ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo okuvela kubanakekeli bezempilo, imfundo yabazali, kanye nentuthuko emikhubeni yokuqinisa ukudla kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokudla kwezingane ze-NICU. Ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yobisi, kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo kuvumela imindeni ukuthi idlule kulesi sikhathi esinzima ngolwazi nezinsiza ezidingekayo empilweni yezingane zabo. Njengoba izinkampani ezifana ne-网易 ziqhubeka nokukhuthaza ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe ekudleni kwezinsana, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni ikusasa lezixazululo zezempilo zabantu abasengozini. Ngokubambisana, singasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingane ye-NICU ithola ukwesekwa kokudla abakudingayo ukuze iphumelele.